Well drilling pricing is $25-$65 per foot drilled in 2026, varying by geology (shale, limestone, granite) and required casing. A typical 150-400 foot residential well costs $4,500-$20,000 for drilling alone. Pump system, pressure tank, and controls add $4,000-$12,000. Water testing, treatment, and well house bring total installed cost to $12,000-$35,000 for most new wells.
Depth estimation — the biggest cost unknown
Residential wells in the US average 100-500 feet deep; actual depth depends on local geology and aquifer levels. Before drilling, ask neighbors about their well depths and pump gallons-per-minute — local data is the best predictor. Hydrogeologist consultation ($400-$1,200) provides professional estimates based on regional water table data. Always include a depth contingency in your budget: if 200 feet is estimated, prepare for 400 feet.
Pump sizing and pressure tanks
Submersible pump sizing by house: 1/2 HP for small homes with 4-8 GPM flow, 3/4 HP for average 8-12 GPM flow, 1 HP for large homes or 12+ GPM. Pressure tanks buffer pump cycling: 20-gallon for small homes, 40-50 gallon for average, 80+ gallon for large households. Variable speed pumps ($800-$2,500 premium) maintain consistent pressure and reduce pump wear — worth it for full-time residences.
Water testing and treatment
Every new well requires water testing before use — $100-$400 for basic panel (bacteria, nitrates, pH, hardness), $400-$1,000 for comprehensive (adds metals, volatile organics, radon). Common treatment needs by region: iron/manganese filter ($800-$2,500), water softener ($1,500-$3,500), UV sterilization ($500-$1,500), reverse osmosis for drinking water ($400-$1,200). Annual water testing ($100-$300) is recommended for ongoing safety.